What is exposure triangle in camera?

The exposure triangle is the A and B of photography. If you can understand this triangle and deal with the camera settings correctly, you have taken the first step in this field, whether you intend to shoot video or photos.

 

The triangle is the three camera settings, shutter speed, lens aperture, and camera sensitivity to light, and their values ​​together give the required amount of exposure, so it is called the exposure triangle because they are related to each other. This triangle is balanced.

 

The reason we might want to change one of the properties is because each of these elements has a specific effect on the image, so to adjust the value of one of these elements we need to compensate for the decrease or increase in the other elements provided that the triangle remains balanced.

 

Shutter Speed:

The shutter in the camera or the shutter is a curtain inside the camera that opens and closes when taking the picture, and the higher the shutter speed, the less light is directed at the sensor, and the lower the shutter speed, the greater the amount of light that the sensor is exposed to.

 

The fast shutter is used to photograph objects that move very quickly, so that they appear steadily in the image, for example when photographing cars on a racetrack, photographing flying birds, or photographing a bullet penetrating an object.

 

As for the slow shutter, it is used when a large amount of light is needed, as in night photography of landscapes and galaxies, to introduce a larger amount of light. The camera tripod should be used here to avoid concussion.

 

The slow shutter is also used to show movement in the image, as in photographing drawings in the light, or to show the movement of clouds, or smoothing the movement of water in natural images.

 

Shutter speed is measured in seconds, so the camera speeds are 1/2000, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/60, 1/30, 1/1, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1″, and the symbol (“) indicates the full seconds.

 

1/60 degrees is the least long enough to hold the camera in your hand, so if you use a slow shutter speed like 1/30 or 1/15 without a camera mount, the picture will show shake, so don’t use a slow shutter for portrait photography.

                     fast shutter                                                         slow shutter

Aperture:

It means the size of the aperture that allows light to pass through. The larger the lens aperture, the greater the amount of light allowed to enter the camera, and the smaller the lens aperture, the less light is directed at the camera sensor.

 

The aperture of the lens is measured with the symbol F, which is a mixed number, so the higher the number indicates a narrow lens aperture and less light, and the less the number indicates a larger aperture and more light The notches in the lens are f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22, f/32.

 

Be aware that f/1.4 is larger than f/2 and gives exactly twice as much light as it’s the next (you’ll also find half-degrees on camera like f/1.8).

     

                            f\1.4                                                                            f\8

                          f\16

depth:

Depth of field is the distance inside the image at which focus is effective, the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field, in this case the degree of aperture is large such as f/11, f/16, and this is used in photographing landscapes to bring the whole scene into focus.

 

But if the size of the aperture increases, the depth of field decreases and the focus area becomes narrow, and in this case we use a degree such as f/1.4, f/1.8, f/2.0. This is used in photographing people, flowers and animals to isolate the background and make it blurry to distract from it and make only the subject in the image the focus of the image. It is also used in bokeh photography when lights are placed in the background, so they appear as luminous spots with geometric shapes that take the same shape as the blades of the lens.

 

Not all lenses have large apertures, the higher the aperture, the higher the price and size. Usually, the lens that comes with the camera has a maximum aperture of f/3.6, and you cannot make complete isolation in portrait photography, so a special lens is purchased that can isolate appropriate f/1.8 , f/2.4.

 

                     no depth                                                                with depth

Camera ISO sensitivity:

The ISO is a number that indicates how sensitive the camera is to light. The less sensitive the camera is to light, we get less light. The more sensitive the camera is to light, we get more light. ISO degrees are 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 12800 And between each degree and degree of light attenuation, say 200 degrees allow twice as much light to pass through 100 degrees.

 

The effect caused by the ISO is the noise in the image, Noise or Grain, and the higher the ISO, the higher the noise. You may have noticed this problem when you shoot with the mobile at night without flash, the image appears blurred unlike shooting in the day, because the mobile compensates for the lack of light by raising ISO automatically.

 

Try to avoid using ISO to avoid noise in the image and try to compensate for the light by shutter speed and aperture (usually the lowest noise ISOs are 100, 200, 400, 800).

 

The ISO is used in photography in night lighting conditions when we cannot use long exposures such as photographing galaxies, and professional cameras are characterized by allowing shooting at high ISO levels without the appearance of high noise in the images.

                       iso\1600                                                                iso\200

 

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